Data formatting guidelines

  • Express variability as mean (SD), not mean ± SD.

  • Use composite units like g·L⁻¹ or mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹, not g/L or mL/kg/min.

  • Add a space after symbols like <, >, ≤, ≥ (e.g., > 25, not >25).

  • Use decimal points, not commas (e.g., 2.5, not 2,5).

  • Use commas in numbers > 1000 (e.g., 1,000 or 25,300,000).

  • Include a space between a number and its unit (e.g., 25 msw).

  • Italicise n (sample size) and P (P-values).

  • Use spaces in expressions like n = 25 and P < 0.05, not n=25 or P<0.05.

  • Use an en-dash (–) with no spaces for number or page ranges (e.g., 17–420).

  • Place the percent sign directly after the number (e.g., 51%, not 51 %).

For numbers ≥ 10 use numerals. For numbers < 10 use words, unless the number appears before an abbreviated unit of measurement, e.g., 6 m, 6 h.

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